This is a very basic list of resources for learning how to record on a computer.
You will need a few essential pieces of gear
- Computer (Mac or PC)
- Software
- Audio Interface
- Microphone
- Monitors (speakers or headphones)
- Accessories
If you are just getting started, any Mac and most current PC's should work just fine. For PC's, pick one with the highest single core performance. This will allow you to use a low latency buffer setting when recording virtual instruments or plugins. Get at least 16GB of RAM, and the fastest internal SSD that is compatible with your PC. If possible, get a basic graphics card, and do not use integrated graphics.
Software
Audacity (if you are not multitracking)
BandLab - Create, collaborate and sync across platforms.
Tutorials
How to Use GarageBand: The Ultimate Guide for Beginners
Recording Your First Vocal Track in REAPER
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To record on your iPhone check out this video. You will need an adapter to use a usb audio interface.
Lightning to USB 3 Camera Adapter